| Period: Winter 2023 | |
| Instructor: Pierre Desrochers | Office: Davis Building, room 3273 |
| Lectures: Tuesday 1-3 PM | Lecture room: CC 3150 (in person) |
| Phone: (905) 828-5206 | E-mail: pierre.desrochers@utoronto.ca |
Lecture 1 (January 10): Introduction and Concepts
Lecture 2 (January 17): Transportation 1
Lecture 3 (January 24): Transportation 2
Lecture 4 (January 31): Battle of Ideas 1
Lecture 5 (February 7): Battle of Ideas 2
Lecture 6: (February 14): Globalization and Culture
Reading Week (February 21)
Lecture 7 (February 28): Market Liberalization, Sweatshops, Child Labor and Fair Trade 1
Lecture 8 (March 7): Market Liberalization, Sweatshops, Child Labor and Fair Trade 2
Lecture 9 (March 14): Market Liberalization, Sweatshops, Child Labor and Fair Trade 3
Lecture 10 (Mach 21): Global Institutions, Foreign Aid and the Environment 1
Lecture 11 (March 28): Global Institutions, Foreign Aid and the Environment 2
Lecture 12 (April 4): Global Institutions, Foreign Aid and the Environment 3
REQUIRED VIDEOS
Biomimicry (or copying from nature)
Biomimicry Institute. “What is Biomimicry?”
Vox. 2017. “The World is Poorly Designed. But Copying Nature Helps.” (Facebook link).
Diffusion of religions
Business Insider. 2015. “Animated Map Shows how Religion Spread around the World.”
Musical inspiration
The Story of “Break on Through” by the Doors
The House of the Rising Sun trough History (1933-2016).
The Irish Rovers, Whiskey in the Jar (w/ lyrics).
Ray Manzarek & Robby Krieger – Light My Fire (The Doors) | The Story Behind The Song.
Movies and TV
The Art of Film. 2019. “How Quentin Tarantino Steals From Other Movies.”
Netflix. 2022. Wednesday Addams | Dance Scene (Jenna Ortega breaks down inspiration for her Wednesday dance scene).
Cultural Appropriation Debate
Ramsey, Franchesca. 2015. “The 7 Most Commonly Believed Myths About Cultural Appropriation – Busted.” MTV Decoded (December 6).
CBC. 2016. “Cultural Appropriation vs Appreciation” (October 27).
Rebel Media. 2017. “UN Set to Outlaw “Cultural Appropriation.” (June 14).
REQUIRED READINGS
Historical Perspective
Overview
Davies, Stephen. 2007. “Our Economic Past ~ Trade and Diversity.” The Freeman: Ideas on Liberty (May).
Boudreaux, Don. 2010. “Free Trade and Globalization: More than ‘Just Stuff’.” Library of Economics and Liberty (November 1).
Follett, Chelsea. 2020. “Centers of Progress, Pt. 10: Chang’an (Trade).” HumanProgress.org (August 27).
Tearle, Oliver. 2021. “The Meaning and Origin of ‘Immature Poets Imitate; Mature Poets Steal.’ Interesting Literature (April).
Food and Drinks
– Indian Cuisine
Dutta, Nayantara. 2020. “Reclaiming Indian Food from the White Gaze.” Eater (June 30).
Ladage, Rutu. 2014. “The Heartbreaking Truth About Indian Foods That Are Not Indian at All.” India Times (September 12).
Sonnad, Nikhil. 2018. “Tea if by Sea, Cha if by Land: Why the World only has Two Words for Tea.” Quartz (January 11).
Sampathkumar, Yasaswini. 2019. “The Surprising Truth about Indian Food. Many of the most famous ingredients used to make typical ‘Indian’ cuisine aren’t actually native to India.” BBC.com (June 10).
– Whiskey / Whisky
Trowbridge Filippone, Peggy. 2019. “What Is Whiskey? Production, Types, and Recipes.” The Spruce Eats (July 21).
Todd + Diane. 2018. “Simple Guide to Types of Whisk(e)y: Bourbon, Scotch, Rye.” White on Rice Couple (December 28).
Whiskey Muse. 2016. “Japanese Whisky 101: The Complete Beginner’s Guide.”
Nosowitz, Dan. 2020. “Why the World Overlooked Canadian Whisky. A preference for blending put the Great White North on the wrong side of industry standards.” Gastro Obscura (March 23).
Arts
– Whiskey in the Jar
Wikipedia. “Whiskey in the Jar.”
O’Dowd, Niall. 2020. “The Amazing Origins of “Whiskey in the Jar” One of the Best-loved Irish Ballads.” Irish Central (December 21).
The Lip Weasels. 2017. “Whiskey in the Jar.”
– Movies and Television
PBS. 2009. “King Lear: Adaptations in Film” Great Performances (March 25)
West, Patrick. 2015. “The Secret to Star Wars’ Success? Unoriginality.” Spiked! (December 18).
The Cultural Appropriation Controversy
-Overview
Cambridge Dictionary. “Cultural Appropriation.”
Estrada, Meera Solanki. 2017. “The Fine Line Between Cultural Appropriation And Appreciation.” Huffington Post Canada (June 28).
Wikipedia – Cultural Appropriation.
-Cultural appropriation is bad
Johnson, Maisha. 2015. “What’s Wrong with Cultural Appropriation? These 9 Answers Reveal Its Harm.” Everyday Feminism (June 14).
Ratchford, Sarah. 2015. “Is Western Yoga Cultural Appropriation? Yes, but That Doesn’t Mean White People Can’t Practice It.” Vice (November 25).
Jaschik, Scott. 2017. “Dispute on Cultural Appropriation Leads to Assault Charges. Hampshire students accused of attacking Central Maine Community College students over braids in their hair.” Inside Higher Education (March 20).
-Cultural appropriation is good
Holdsworth, Candace. 2018. “What’s so Bad about “Cultural Appropriation’?” Spiked! (March 16).
Kay, Jonathan. 2017. “Making a Stand for Cultural Universalism.” Quillette (December 8).
Milke, Mark. 2018. “Another Name for Cultural Appropriation: Sharing.” C2C Journal (June 15).
Kling, Arnold. 2018. “Let’s Celebrate Cultural Appropriation in Dance.” Medium (February 9).
Whelan, Ella. 2020. “Irish dancing isn’t just for the Irish.” Spiked (July 22).
Zushi, Yo. 2015. “In Defence of Cultural Appropriation.” New Statesman (October 12).
SUGGESTED videos
Creative Process
– Turn! Turn! Turn! (to everything there is a season)
Professor of Rock. 2021. “2 Legends On The Story Of A #1 Hit From The 60s That Is Over 2000 Years Old.” (October 6).
– The Moth Joke (Norm Macdonald)
Norm Macdonald Explains Moth Joke to Canadian Public Radio (2016).
The Story Behind the Moth Joke
Norm Macdonald Explains Moth Joke to Canadian Public Radio (2016)
Conan Tells the Story behind Norm Macdonald’s Moth Joke (2021)
– Cultural Appropriation Controversy
TVO. The Agenda with Steve Paikin. 2016. “The Trouble with Cultural Appropriation.” (October 31).
Rebel Media. 2017. “Will SJWs Complain About “Indigenized” Star Wars Artwork?” (January 6).
L. Studio. 2009. Break It Down: Ray Manzarek (Supplemental clip: “The Story of ‘Light My Fire’ by The Doors“).
SUGGESTED READINGS
Cultural History
Urban Design Lab. 2022. “Timeline of the History of Architecture.”
Online Design Teacher. 2016. “Furniture Design History.”
Wikipedia – Hairstyle
Sangster, Ella. 2022. “100 years of hair trends. From the bob to the butterfly cut — these are the most popular hair trends in modern history.” Harper’s Bazaar
Artst. 2023 “Art Deco vs Art Nouveau.”
Globalization and Cultural Diversity
- Substantial pieces
Cohen, Elie. 2002. “Globalization and cultural diversity.” In World Culture Report, 2000: Cultural diversity, conflict and pluralism, UNESCO, pp. 66-91.
Bornon, Julien, & Jacques Delacroix. 2005. “Can Protectionism Ever Be Respectable? A Skeptic’s Case for the Cultural Exception, with Special Reference to French Movies.” The Independent Review, Vol. 9, No. 3 (Winter).
Palmer, Tom G. “Globalization and Culture: Homogeneity, Diversity, Identity, Liberty.” The Liberal Institute of the Friedrich Naumann Foundation, Occasional Paper 2, 2004.
- Shorter pieces
Evans, Stephan. 2003. “Myths of our Time: Globalization”. BBC News, December 23.
Porter, Keith. 2004. “Americanization vs. Globalization.” Global Envision, November 11.
Riding, Alan. 2006. “A French Author’s Singular Take on America’s Pluralistic Cultural Life.” International Herald Tribune, December 27.
Richland, Justin. 2013. “Tribal Culture and Economic Growth.” PERC Report 32 (2).
Tomlison, John. 2003. “Globalization and Cultural Identity.
Vargas Llosa, Alvaro. 2010. “A Nobel Laureate in the Family.” The Independent Institute, October 13.
Balko, Radley. 2003. “Globalization and Culture” Global Policy Forum.
Carden, Art. 2008. “Does Globalization Destroy Culture?” Daily Sun News, July 8.
Creativity and Plagiarism
Davenport Adams, William Henry. 1892. ‘Imitators and Plagiarists’, The Gentleman’s Magazine 272 (June): 502-516, 613-628 (famous quote on pages 627-28).
Vargas Llosa, Alvaro. 2010. “A Nobel Laureate in the Family.” The Independent Institute, October 13.
Biomimicry
Schlegel-O’Brien, Kieran. 2022. “Gecko feet-inspired dry adhesive could stick around.” Advanced Science News (February 15).
Hennighausen, Amelia and Eric Roston.2015. “Smart Inventions Inspired by Nature: Biomimicry Companies seeking breakthrough products tend to ignore the greatest invention machine in the universe: life’s more than three-billion-year history of evolution by natural selection.” Bloomberg News (February 23).
Ozin, Geoffrey. 2012. “Nature’s Nanomaterials – To Be or Not to Be Bioinspired?” Advanced Science News (October 31).
Chimeras and other mythical beasts
Burgess, Anika. 2018. “One Artist’s Mission to Illustrate All the World’s Mythical Beasts. Squonks, Lindworms, Dijiangs, and more.” Atlas Obscura (February 21).
Movies and Television
Leiji Matsumoto (1938-2023).
Camp, Brian. 2023. “Tribute to Leiji Matsumoto, Legendary Manga and Anime Pioneer.” Brian Camp’s Film and Anime Blog (February 25).
Elred, Tim. 2013. “Leiji Matsumoto 2010 Interview, Part 3: A Creative Life.” Cosmo DNA (June 29).
Cultural appropriation
– Overview
Wikipedia. Cultural Appropriation.
Kay, Jonathan. “Canada’s Cultural-Appropriation Tempest, Five Years Later.” Quillette (September 20).
Barua, Meehika. 2022. “Cultural Appropriation: Can one culture borrow from another without exploitation?” CQ Researcher 32 (5).
– Food
-Overview
McCann, Shana. 2019. “The cultural appropriation of food.” Solid Ground (April 15).
Mohan, Megha. 2017. “Are Food Bloggers Fuelling Racist Stereotypes?” BBC News (March 3).
Zimmerman, Jonathan. 2017. “On ‘Maybellene’ and General Tso’s Chicken.” The Chronicle of Higher Education (March 28).
Kapadia, Jess. 2017. “I Still Don’t Understand The Cultural Appropriation Of Food.” Food Republic (July 7).
-Case Studies
Giusti , Marianna. 2023. “Everything I, an Italian, thought I knew about Italian food is wrong. From panettone to tiramisu, many ‘classics’ are in fact recent inventions, as Alberto Grandi has shown.” Financial Times (March 23).
Miller, H. D. 2022. “Pizza Isn’t Italian. It’s as American as Dixieland Jazz.” An Eccentric Culinary History (January 21).
Laudan, Rachel. 2017. “What’s the True History of Pizza? Consider Argentina.” Rachel Laudan (October 25).
Antani, Vishu and Santosh Mahapatra. 2022. “Evolution of Indian cuisine: a socio-historical review.” Journal of Ethnic Foods 9, Article number: 15.
Sukhadwala, Sejal. 2022. “Strawberry Curry Is a Modern Twist on an Old Tradition. Fruit curries have a sweet and savory history.” Atlas Obscura (May 20).
– Asian Fashion
Wikipedia
Cai, Anna. 2019. “Why I Won’t Wear Hanfu.” Medium (April 8).
Gao, Sally. 2016. “A Brief History of the Cheongsam.” Culture Trip (December 9).
Traditional Chinese Clothing. 2016. “Kimono vs. Hanfu.” (January 12).
Green, Cynthia. 2017. “The Surprising History of the Kimono. The kimono that the world associates with Japan was actually created in the late-nineteenth century as a cultural identifier.” JSTOR Daily (December 8).
V&A Museum. 2020. « Kimono: Kyoto to Catwalk.”
Figes, Lydia. 2020. “From Kyoto to London: Keeping up with the kimono.” Art UK (March 11).
– Yoga
BBC Radio 4 (undated). Seriously…, Seriously… – What’s behind the five popular yoga poses loved by the world?
– Indigenous Groups
Canada
West Coast Totem Poles
Wikipedia – Totem Pole and Maritime Fur Trade
Victoria Times-Colonist Staff. 2015. “Our History: Trade speeded evolution of totems. The following excerpt from Pat Kramer’s popular history of totem poles traces the emergence of the poles on the Northwest Coast to the start of the sea otter trade with Europe around 1780.” Victoria Times-Colonist (April 5)
Ramsay, Heather. 2011. “Totem Poles: Myth and Fact. From cultural emblems to kitsch souvenirs, it seems everyone takes a different view of this iconic Northwest art form. A Tyee interview.” The Tyee (March 31)
Lutz, John Sutton. 2018. “How the Totem Pole Became a Symbol of Canada.” The Tyee (November 16)
Garfield, Viola Edmundson and Linn A. Forrest. 1961. The Wolf and the Raven: Totem poles of Southeastern Alaska. University of Washington Press.
Barbeau, Marius. 1950. Totem Poles: According to Crests and Topics. Vol. 1. Ottawa: Dept. of Resources and Development, National Museum of Canada. 433 p. (National Museum of Canada bulletin; 119-Vol. I).
Inuit carvings
Wikipedia – James Archibald Houston
Inuit Art Foundation. 1987. “The Discovery of Inuit Art: James A. Houston – Animateur“
Gismondi, Chris. 2022. “Saumik (James Houston): The Qallunaaq who changed Inuit Art” La Guilde (March 20).
Inuits vs Crees
Monkman, Lenard. 2019. “Artists boycott Indigenous Music Awards over cultural appropriation concerns. Boycott spurred by the IMA’s nomination of a non-Inuk artist who performs throat singing.” CBC News (April 1).
CBC News. 2019. “Inuit artists in Ottawa keeping eye on awards controversy. Artists concerned over nomination of non-Inuk artist who performs throat singing.” (April 9).
Gray, Neil. 2019. “How The Campaign Against Cultural Appropriation Came Back to Haunt Canada’s Indigenous Peoples.” Quillette (April 8).
United States
“Whirling Logs and Swastikas”
Swastika
Wikipedia – Swastika and Western use of the swastika in the early 20th century
Sunder, Kalpana. 2021. “The ancient symbol that was hijacked by evil.” BBC Culture (August 16)
Boissoneault, Lorraine. 2017. “The Man Who Brought the Swastika to Germany, and How the Nazis Stole It. Even after decades, the symbol can’t shake free from its evil associations.” Smithsonian Magazine (April 6)
Wilson, Thomas. 189/1894. The swastika, the earliest known symbol, and its migrations: with observations on the migration of certain industries in prehistoric times. US National Museum.
Navajo Whirling Log
Messier, Kim and Pat. 2019. “The Use of the Swastika Symbol in American Indian Art.” Kim and Pat Messier’s Blog (August 10)
Sanchez, Hayley. 2018. “Those are sacred Navajo Symbols, Not Swastikas, On That Pueblo Art Collector’s Rug.” CPR News (August 15)
Kane, Rich. 2017. “A group of protesters demanded that a Native American swastika be removed from an SLC market — but were they right?” Salt Lake Tribune (August 29)
Nizhoni Ranch Gallery. “Whirling Logs – Navajo Sacred Symbol”
Collectors’ Guide. “The History of an Ancient Human Symbol. The swastika design goes back thousands of years in human culture.”
Hopi Dictionary
Richland, Justin. 2013. “Tribal Culture and Economic Growth.” PERC Report 32 (2).
– Cultural Appropriation is Bad
Bradford, K. Tempest. 2018. “The Cultural Appropriation Primer.” Writing the Other (August 27).
Avins, Jenni and Quartz. 2015. “The Dos and Don’ts of Cultural Appropriation.” The Atlantic (October 20).
Wilcove, Hannah. 2017. “What You Need to Know About Cultural Appropriation.” Critical Social Justice (October 11).
Bradford, K. Tempest. 2017. “Commentary: Cultural Appropriation Is, In Fact, Indefensible.” NPR.org Code Switch (June 28).
Domise, Andray. 2017. “How Some People are Missing the Point on Cultural Appropriation.” MacLean’s (May 22).
Murphy, Colleen. 2021. “What Is Cultural Appropriation? Here’s Why the Practice Is So Harmful—and How You Can Avoid Doing It. From TikTok to music festivals, cultural appropriation is everywhere.” Health.com (August 20).
Chen, Emily, Edric Huang and Jenny Dorsey. 2021. “Understanding… Cultural Appropriation.” Studio ATAO (February 15).
– Related issues
Ena, Giacomo F. et al. 2022. ”Population Genetics of the European Roma—A Review.” Genes 13 (11): 2068.
– Cultural appropriation is unavoidable/good
Patterson, Steve. 2015. “Why Progressives Are Wrong to Argue Against Cultural Appropriation.” Observer (November 11).
Young, Cathy. 2015. “To the new culture cops, everything is appropriation. Their protests ignore history, chill artistic expression and hurt diversity.” Washington Post (August 21).
Brown, T. J. 2016. “A world without cultural appropriation is a world without learning and emulation.” Fee.org (October 31).
Veer, Pierre-Guy. 2017. “Cultural Appropriation Is Intellectual Property on Stilts. When a culture’s ideas don’t get adopted into wider society, they die.” Fee.org (June 29).
Will, George S. 2017. “The Left’s Misguided Obsession with ‘Cultural Appropriation’ on Cultural Appropriation.” The Washington Post (May 12).
Zmirak, John. 2017. “How Really To Stop Cultural Appropriation. If we are going to draw bright lines around cultures, and bar borrowings, let’s get really serious about it and see what happens.” Fee.org (May 29).
Malik, Kenan. 2017 “In Defense of Cultural Appropriation.” New York Times (June 14).
Holiday, Ryan. 2017. “Unpacking the Absurd Logic of Cultural Appropriation-and What It Will Cost Us.” The Observer (July 31).
Weiss, Bari. 2017. “Three Cheers for Cultural Appropriation.” The New York Times (August 30).
Chen, Anna. 2018. “An American woman wearing a Chinese dress is not cultural appropriation.” The Guardian (May 4).
Frum, David. 2018. “Every Culture Appropriates. The question is less whether a dress or an idea is borrowed, than the uses to which it’s then put.” The Atlantic (May 8).
Parvini, Neema. 2018. “Rejecting Progress in the Name of ‘Cultural Appropriation’.” Quillette (August 22).
Van Noord, Jack. 2018. “Commentary: My Nephew Tried to School Me on Cultural Appropriation. It Didn’t End Well.” Chicago Tribune (August 29).
Scott, Mason. 2019. “The Progressive Case For Cultural Appropriation.” (July 23).
Riggs, Mike. 2023. “Review: In Defense of Cultural Appropriation on The Great British Baking Show. For the first time, The Great British Baking Show’s three best bakers are immigrants to the U.K.” Reason (January 23).
Benjamin Barber vs Tyler Cowen
-Overview
“Summary: Does Globalization Thwart Cultural Diversity?” World Bank.
A debate between Tyler Cowen and Benjamin Barber, Cato Policy Report, May-June 2003.
-Benjamin Barber
Barber, Benjamin. 1992. “Jihad vs McWorld.” The Atlantic. (March).
Barber, Benjamin. 2002. “Beyond Jihad vs McWorld.” The Nation (January 21).
Barber, Benjamin. 2003. “Brave new McWorld.” Los Angeles Times (February 2).
Barber, Benjamin. 2007. “Consumed by Capitalism.” Brookings Institution.
Wikipedia – Jihad vs McWorld.
-Tyler Cowen
Cowen, Tyler. 2005. “The Future of Culture in a Globalised World.” The Sir Ronald Trotter Lecture, New Zealand Business Roundtable.
Caplan, Bryan and Tyler Cowen. 2004. “Do We Underestimate the Benefits of Cultural Competition?” American Economic Review 94 (2): 402-407.
Gillespie, Nick. 2003. “Really Creative Destruction. Economist Tyler Cowen argues for the cultural benefits of globalization.” Reason (August/September).
Cowen, Tyler. 2003. “Globalization and Diversity: Friends or Foes?” Independent Institute, May 27.
Cowen, Tyler. 2003. “Commerce, culture and diversity: some Friedmanesque themes in trade and the arts,” Proceedings, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas (October): 123-136.
SUGGESTED LINKS
General Interest
“Globalization and Culture” on the Global Policy Forum.
Creative Process
Reverb. 2016. “Robby Krieger on the Origin of “Peace Frog” & “Light My Fire.”” (June 17).
Cultural Appropriation (Interviews, Podcasts)
CBC Metro Morning with Matt Galloway. 2017. “Susur Lee on Fusion Food.” (November 6).
Patterson in Pursuit. 2016. The Case for Cultural Appropriation. (Near-verbatim transcript, also posted as an article in the Observer).
Documentaries and TV Shows
Wendover Production. 2022. How Ocean Shipping Works (And Why It’s Broken)
REQUIRED VIDEOS
Market Liberalization vs Fair Trade
LECTURE 7
W. P. Carey School of Business (Arizona State University). 2010. “What is Supply Chain Management.”
Financial Post staff. 2018. “How Canada’s Controversial Dairy Supply Management System Works.” Financial Post (June 20).
Global News. 2018. “While Ottawa is Fully Supportive of Canada’s Supply Management System, Others Want to Get Rid of It. David Akin Explains Why.” (August 23).
LECTURE 8
Learn Liberty. 2013. Combating Global Poverty with a Cup of Coffee (Colleen Haight) (July 16).
PhD Comics. 2013. How Coffee affects your Brain.
Sweatshops and Child Labor
LECTURE 9
Stossel, John. 2003. “Sweatshops” Give me a Break! (ABC News) (Transcript).
Learn Liberty. 2011. ” The Unbelievable Truth about Sweatshops (Ben Powell).”
Free to Choose Network. 2016. “Dead Wrong with Johan Norberg – Child Labor and Globalization.”
REQUIRED READINGS
LECTURE 7
Free Trade Vs Fair Trade
-Traditional Arguments for Free Trade, revisited
Davies, Antony and James R. Harrigan. 2017. “How Fair is Fair Trade? We see the “Fair Trade” label on our coffee all the time, but what does it even mean?” Fee.org (November 15).
Mitchell, Dan. 2018. “No, Mr. President, Tariffs Are Not What Made America Great. America grew wealthy not because we had tariffs in place, but because we didn’t have most other taxes and barriers.” International Liberty (August 17).
Klein, Peter G. 2017. “Free trade vs “Free Trade.” Mises Wire (January 23).
Rodrik, Dani. 2017. “It’s Time to Think for Yourself on Free Trade. What economists and populists both get wrong about the international economy.” Foreign Policy (January 27).
Fair Trade
– Overview
–. 2006. “Voting with Your Trolley – Can you really change the world just by buying certain foods?” The Economist (December 7).
Vander Weyer, Martin. 2005. “Can Free Trade be Fair Trade?” New Statesman (February 28).
Booth, Philip and Linda Whetstone. 2007. “Half a Cheer for Fair Trade.” Economics Affairs 27 (2): 29-36.
Raluca Dragusanu, Raluca and Nathan Nunn. 2018. “Does Fair Trade work?” VoxDev (September 2).
LECTURE 8
– Supporters
Tarnoff, Richard. 2004. “Fair Trade vs. Free Trade.” Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives (October).
– Critics
Baobab. 2014. “Not so Fair Trade. Agriculture in Ethiopia and Uganda.” The Economist (May 19).
Chambers, Andrew. 2009. “Not so fair trade.” The Guardian (December 12).
Minogue, Rossa. 2014. “It’s Official: Fairtrade Screws over Labourers.” Spiked! (May 30).
Rohac, Dalibor. 2011. “‘Fair Trade’ Is a Crock.” New York Post (May 13).
Sidwell, Marc. 2008. Unfair Trade. Adam Smith Institute (Executive Summary).
Case study: Coffee
– Supporters
James, Deborah. 2000. “Justice and Java: Coffee in a Fair Trade Market.” NACLA (Sept/Oct).
Singer, Peter. 2006. “Why pay more for fairness?” Webdiary.com.
– Critics
Claar, Victor V. and Colleen E. Haight. 2015. “Fair Trade Coffee: Correspondence.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 29(1): 215-16.
Callahan, Gene. 2008. “Is Fair Trade a Fair Deal?” The Freeman: Ideas on Liberty 58 (2).
Haight, Colleen. 2011. “The Problem with Fair Trade Coffee.” Stanford Social Innovation Review (May 18).
Case Study: Canada – Supply Management
– Overview
Heminthavong, Khamla. 2015. In Brief: Canada’s Supply Management System. Publication No. 2015-138-E. Parliamentary Information and Research Service. Ottawa: Library of Parliament.
– Supporters
Fast, Ed. 2017. “Make it Clear, Prime Minister – Supply Management is Here to Stay.” IPolitics (August 28).
Elton, Sarah and Rod MacRae. 2018. “Don’t Let Supply Management Myths Spoil the Milk.” The Globe & Mail (June 20).
– Opponents
Geloso, Vincent and Alexandre Moreau. 2016. “Supply Management is Literally Driving Tens of Thousands of Canadians into Poverty.” National Post (August 31).
Bernier, Maxime. 2016-17 Leadership Race Platform: Phase Out Supply Management.
Coyne, Andrew. 2018. “We All Pay for Supply Management, but Bernier Pays the Political Price.” National Post (June 13).
Oxley, Alan and Dan Leroy. 2018. “End Supply Management like Aussies.” The Western Producer (August 9).
LECTURE 9
Sweatshops and Child Labor
– Opponents
Bachman, Sarah. 2003. “The (Limited) Case for Boycott Threats, Boycotts, and Selective Purchasing.” Ethics and Economics 1(1) (December).
Edmonds, Eric. 2003. “Should We Boycott Child Labor?” Ethics and Economics 1(1), December.
– Supporters
Powell, Benjamin. 2008. “In defense of ‘Sweatshops’.” Library of Economics and Liberty (June 02).
Follett, Chelsea. 2017. “Student Activists Hurt the Workers They Try to Help.” Intercollegiate Review (Spring).
Blattman, Christopher and Stefan Dercon. 2017. “Everything We Knew about Sweatshops was Wrong.” New York Times (April 27).
Tupy, Marian. 2018. “Growth is the Ultimate Weapon in the Fight to End Child Labour.” CapX (November 13).
Horwitz, Steven. 2016. “We Didn’t Humanize Markets, Markets Humanized Us.” Fee.org (September 8).
SUGGESTED READINGS
Free Trade Vs Fair Trade
-Fair Trade
– Overview
Wikipedia
Shoenthal, Amy. 2018. “What exactly is fair trade, and why should we
care?” Forbes (December 24).
Le Mare, Ann. 2008. “The Impact of Fair Trade on Social and Economic Development: A Review of the Literature.” Geography Compass 2/6 (2008): 1922-1942.
Lemieux, Pierre. 2017. The Benefits of Trade. AIMS Policy Paper.
Ridley, Matt. 2017 “Montequieu’s ‘Sweet Commerce” and Cobden’s “God’s Diplomacy.” Rational Optimist (October 6).
Munger, Michael. 2015. ” Comparative Advantage: An Idea Whose Time Has Passed.” Fee.org (December 28).
DeLong, J. Bradford. 2017. “NAFTA and Other Trade Deals have not Gutted American Manufacturing – Period.” Vox (January 24).
– Historical perspective
Doherty, Bob, Iain A. Davies & Sophi Tranchell. 2013. “Where Now for Fair Trade?” Business History 55 (2): 161-189.
– Recent developments
Subramanian, Samanth (2019). “Is fair trade finished?” The Guardian (July 23).
– Substantial pieces
Harris, Jamie. 2021. Social Movement Lessons from the Fair Trade Movement. Sentience Institute (April 1)
Cristina Ribeiro-Duthie, Ana, Fred Gale and Hannah Murphy-Gregoryc. 2021. “Fair trade and staple foods: A systematic review.” Journal of Cleaner Production 279: 123586.
Nunn, Nathan. 2019. “The Economics of Fair Trade.” The Reporter (NBER) no. 2 (June)
Fairtrade International. 2017. The Impact of Fairtrade: A Review of Research Evidence 2009- 2015.
Dragusanu, Raluca, Daniele Giovannucci and Nathan Nunn. 2014. “The Economics of Fair Trade.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 28 (3): 217-36.
Transfair Germany and Max Havelaar Foundation. 2012 Fair Trade Impact Study: Summary of Results.
Raynolds, Laura T. 2012. “Fair Trade: Social regulation in global food markets.” Journal of Rural Studies 28: 276-287.
Nelson, Valerie and Nelson Barry Pound. 2009. The Last Ten Years: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature on the Impact of Fairtrade. Natural Resources Institute (University of Greenwich).
Smith, Alastair M. 2009. “Evaluating the Criticisms of Fair Trade.” Economic Affairs 29 (4): 29-36.
James, Sallie. 2008. “Food Fight.” Center for Trade Policy Studies, Free Trade Bulletin, No. 31, January 31.
Morris, Julian. 2005. “Just Trade: The Moral Imperative of Eliminating Barriers to Trade.” IPN Trade Briefing Papers.
Welford, Richard, Julia Meaton and William Young. 2003. “Fair Trade as a Strategy for International Competitiveness.” International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology 10 (1): 1-13.
Yanchus, Dennis, and Xavier de Vanssay. 2003. “The Myth of Fair Prices: A Graphical Analysis.” Journal of Economic Education, Vol. 34, No. 3, Summer, p. 235-240.
– Promoters
Martin, Kasi. 2021. “The Case for Fair Trade is Clearer Than Ever.” Global Retail Brands (March 23)
OXFAM. 2020. The world fair trade organization. Scaling equitable business models.
– Critics
Sylla, Ndongo Samba. Undated. The Fair Trade Scandal. Marketing Poverty to Benefit the Rich. Ohio University Press.
Wydick, Bruce. 2016. “10 Reasons Fair-Trade Coffee Doesn’t Work.” HuffPost (July 8).
Boudreaux, Don. 2007. “Perspective on Trade.” Café Hayek, December 29.
Giberson, Michael. 2005, “Taking Advantage of the Fair Trade Buzz.” Knowledge Problem, December 21.
Callahan, Gene. 2003. “Fair Trade… or Foul?” LewRockwell.Com.
-Case Study: Coffee
“Coffee with a Conscience” CBC Marketplace, February 15, 2000.
Berndt, Colleen E. H. 2007. “Does Fair Trade Coffee Help the Poor? Evidence from Costa Rica and Guatemala.” Mercatus Policy Series, July 2.
Boudreaux, Karol. 2007. “State Power, Entrepreneurship, and Coffee: The Rwandan Experience.” Enterprise Africa, October 31.
Boudreaux, Donald J. & Karol C. Boudreaux. 2007. “Economics in many lessons: A better brew for Rwanda.” Pittsburgh Tribune-Review, November 20.
Henderson, David R. 2008. “Fair Trade is Counter-Productive – and Unfair.” Economic Affairs 28 (3): 62-64.
Howley, Kerry. 2006. “Absolution in your Cup. The Real Meaning of Fair Trade Coffee.” Reason Magazine, March.
La Giorgia, Gian Carlo. 2002. “In Search of a Compassionate Cup.” The Manitoban, September 18.
Levi, Margaret and April Linton. 2003. “Fair Trade: A Cup at a Time?” Politics and Society 31(3): 407-432.
Rogers, Tim. 2004. “Small Coffee Brewers Try to Redefine Fair Trade.” Christian Science Monitor. April 13.
Ross, Oakland. 2002. “A Bitter Brew for Coffee Farmers.” Toronto Star, August 4.
Solomon, Lawrence. 2011. “Fair-trade coffee fix.” National Post, May 13.
Taussig, Doron. 2007. “Drip Grind – Taylor Clark’s weak case against Starbucks.” Washington Monthly, December.
Veeser, Cyrus. 2004. “Review of The Global Coffee Economy in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, 1500-1989.” Edited by William Gervase Clarence-Smith and Steven Topik. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Business History Review, Spring.
Cato Institute Podcast. 2016. “Haitian Coffee Grows on Trees.”
Watkins, Tate. 2017. Haitian Coffee Grows on Trees. Independently published.
-Various entries on the Second Cup Controversy
“Canadian coffee chain under attack.” Catholic New Times, March 21, 2004.
Demanding Fair Trade Coffee at SECOND CUP (Petition)
Fair Trade Coffee Sale (Petition)
Second Cup’s statement on fair trade coffee (CBC)
-Case Study: Canada – Supply Management
Findlay, Martha Hall (with assistance from Margarita Gres). 2012. “Supply Management: Problems, Politics – and Possibilities,” The School of Public Policy, University of Calgary, June 2012.
Hedley, Douglas D. 2015. “The Evolution of Agricultural Support Policy in Canada.” CAES Fellows Paper 2015-1.
Bernier, Maxime. 2018. “My Chapter on Supply Management.” Maximebernier.com (June 5).
Byers-Lane, Brett. 2018. “Inside Policy: It’s Time to Kill Canada’s Sacred Cow – Supply Management.” McDonald-Laurier Institute (July 24).
Hains, Brigid. Undated. “Cows might Fly.” Aeon.
Sweatshops and Child Labor
-Overview and Historical Perspective
“Sweatshop,” on Wikipedia.
Tuttle, Carolyn. 2001. “Child Labor during the British Industrial Revolution.” EH.Net Encyclopedia, August 15.
Babbage, Charles. 1832. On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures. Chapter 1, sections 1-3 and note 3.
Levinson, Mark. 1997. “Economists and Sweatshops.” Dissent, New York: 44 (4): 11-13.
Horwitz, Steven. 2016. “We Didn’t Humanize Markets, Markets Humanized Us.” Fee.org (September 8).
-Substantial Pieces
OECD. 2003. Child Labour: A Review of Policies (available as e-resouce on UofT library website, online resource #215923)
Drusilla K. Brown, Alan V. Deardorff and Robert M. Stern. 2003. The Effects of Multinational Production on Wages and Working Conditions in Developing Countries. NBER Working Paper No.w9669.
-Shorter Pieces
“What You Need to Know About Sweatshops,” on Global Exchange.
Hightower, Jim. 2003. “Going Down the Road.”
Kristof, Nicholas D. and Sheryl Wudunn. 2000. “Two Cheers for Sweatshops.” New York Times Magazine, September 24.
Powell, Benjamin, and David Skarbek. 2005. “Don’t Get Into a Lather Over Sweatshops.” The Christian Science Monitor, August 02.
Powell, Benjamin & David Skarbek. 2005. “Third World Work in the Apparel Industry: No Sweat?” The Independent Institute, June 2.
Samida, Dexter. 2002. “A Child’s Burden: Reducing Child Labour by Increasing Trade.” Fraser Forum, May: 10-11.
Spath, Stefan. 2002. “The Virtues of Sweatshops.” The Freeman, March.
-Others
Edmonds, Eric. 2003. “Should We Boycott Child Labor?” Ethics and Economics 1(1), December.
Kristof, Nicolas D. 2009. “Where Sweatshops Are a Dream.” The New York Times, January 15.
Krugman, Paul. 1997. “In Praise of Cheap Labor.” Slate, March 20.
Levinson, Mark. 1997. “Economists and Sweatshops.” Dissent, New York: 44 (4): 11-13.
SUGGESTED LINKS
Free Trade Vs Fair Trade
Fair Trade Federation on Fair Trade
The Fair Trade Research Group at Colorado State University.
The Copenhagen Consensus on Subsidies and Trade Barriers
Coffee @ nationalgeographic.com
Vanderbilt University Institute For Coffee
University of London (SOAS). Fair Trade, Employment & Poverty Reduction Research
– Publications
– Response to Fair Trade statement
Fair trade Foundation
– Response to SOAS report
Sweatshops and Child Labor
Eric Edmonds of Darmouth College has written a lot on child labor
Economist Benjamin Powell of Suffolk University has written much on sweatshops
Global exchange against sweatshops
The UNICEF and the International Labour Organization have published several statistics and studies on this topic.
Rare Historical Photos. Child labor in America as photographed by Lewis Hine, 1908-1914
REQUIRED VIDEOS
LECTURE 10
Learn Liberty. 2012. “Why not Print More Money? (Antony Davies)”
Bill Whittle. 2017. “1. Money“
LECTURE 11
June Arunga on
– NGOs, African Business and Human Resource Diversion
– Western Attitudes Towards Business in Africa
Knopfdoubleday. “Nina Munk’s The Idealist: Jeffrey Sachs and the Quest to End Poverty” (August 19, 2013).
CSPAN2. Book TV: “The Idealist: Jeffrey Sachs and the Quest to End Poverty by Nina Munk” (September-October 2013), 27:00 to 46:00.
Festival of Dangerous Ideas. 2012. “Jane Bussmann Interview ‘Bono and Bob Get Out of Africa’.”
Learn Liberty. 2013. “How to Fight Global Poverty. (Stephen Davies)”
LECTURE 12
Boudreaux, Don. 2015. “An Orgy of Innovation.” MR University: Everyday Economics.
TED Talks. 2010. Hans Rosling: The Magic Washing Machine.
Jack Webb Dragnet – The Big Departure Speech (1968).
REQUIRED READINGS
LECTURE 10
Global Institutions
-Historical Perspective
Luther, William J. 2014. Review of “The Battle of Bretton Woods: John Maynard Keynes, Harry Dexter White, and the Making of a New World Order (Princeton University Press, 2013)” by Benn Steil, Independent Review 18 (3) (Winter 2014).
-In their own words
What is the WTO?
– WTO. 2011. Making Globalization Socially Sustainable (Brochure) (Note: Full report and other material available here)
IMF at a Glance
– IMF 2008. Globalization: A Brief Overview
About the World Bank
– WB. Trade and Globalization
What do others think?
– IMF and World Bank
Karlin, Mark. 2007. “Naomi Klein: Shocking the World Bank and IMF Crowd with her Analysis of ‘Disaster Capitalism.” BuzzFlash (October 16).
– IMF
Mitchell, Daniel J. 2021. “The IMF Should Be Eliminated, Not Expanded.” AIER (October 12).
Domitrovic, Brian. 2022. “The IMF’s Colonial Impulse?” Law and Liberty (September 15).
– World Bank
Bovard, James. 2009. “McNamara’s Other Debacle.” LewRockwell.com (July 10).
Bovard, James. 2021. “Raiding the World Bank: Exposing a Fondness for Dictators.” Mises Wire (December 13)
Bate, Roger and Benjamin Schwab. 2004. “McNamara’s Bank.” TCS Daily (July 29). (Note: I have changed the link)
Klein, Naomi. 2007. “The World Bank has the Perfect Standard Bearer.” The Guardian (April 27).
Murray, Iain. 2015. “World Bank Increases Number of Poor.” CEI Blog (September 25).
– WTO
Rockwell, Lew. 2018/2004. “Decentralize Global Trade Policy.” Mises Institute Daily Commentary (January 6; originally published as “Cotton Candy” on April 29, 2004.).
Nader, Ralph and Lori Wallach. “GATT, NAFTA, and the Subversion of the Democratic Process: WTO, The Global Enforcer” (excerpted from the book The Case Against the Global Economy edited by Jerry Mander and Edward Goldsmith, Sierra Club Books, 1997).
Griswold, Dan. 2000. “WTO Critics Trade Away Truth for a Sound Bite.” Cato Institute Commentary (January 2).
Lester, Simon. 2014 “The WTO vs. the TPP.” Cato Institute Commentary (May 2).
LECTURE 11
Foreign Aid
– Overview
Rieff, David. 2010. “Bono Can’t Save The World, Neither Can We.” The New Republic (October 19).
Routley, Nick. 2020. “Mapping the Global Flow of Foreign Aid.” Visual Capitalist (January 21).
– Generally supportive
Waldrop, M. Mitchell. 2021. “Can science solve the poverty problem? An evidence-based policy movement is arming the fight with tools and programs that are more effective than ever before.” Knowable Magazine (December 10).
– Generally Critical
Ridley, Matt. 2014. “The Tyranny of Experts.” The Rational Optimist (March 21).
Hobbes, Michael. 2014. “Stop Trying to Save the World. Big ideas are Destroying International Development.” New Republic (November 17).
Mitchell, Dan. 2012. “American Politicians Should Learn Some Policy Lessons from Hong Kong and Singapore.” International Liberty (May 19).
Duren, Tirzah. 2018. “Food Aid Feeds Conflict and Dependence. Spending more on aid is only a positive if current programs are working, which they are not.” Fee.org (February 5).
– Jeffrey Sachs and his (recent) critics
Sachs, Jeffrey D. 2013. “The End of Poverty, Soon.” The New York Times (September 24).
Sachs, Jeffrey. 2014. “The Case for Aid.” Foreign Policy (January 21).
Gates, Bill. 2014. “Why Jeffrey Sachs Matters.” Project Syndicate (May 21).
Munk, Nina. 2013. “The Idealist: Jeffrey Sachs and the Quest to End Poverty (Book Excerpts).” Huffington Post.
– Part 1
– Part 2
– Part 3
Starobin, Paul. 2013. “Does It Take a Village.” Foreign Policy (June 24).
Foster, Peter. 2013. “Jeffrey Sachs meets Hayek.” National Post (September 18).
Handy, Bruce. 2013. “Nina Munk on Her New Book: Can ‘Bono’s Africa Guru’ Jeffrey Sachs Truly End Poverty?” Vanity Fair (September 20).
Easterly, William. 2013. “The Big Aid Debate is Over.” Reason (October 4).
– Odious Debt
Probe International on Odious Debts
LECTURE 12
Globalization and the Environment
– Overview
Gallagher, Kevin P. 2009. “Economic Globalization and the Environment.” Annual Review of Environment and Resources 34: 279-304.
Tupy, Marian. 2017. “There’s Nothing Green about Socialism.” CapX (December 1).
Johnson, Stephen. 2018. “Scientists to U.N.: To stop climate change, modern capitalism needs to die.” Big Think (August 29).
Yeatman, William. 2018. “The Myth of the Environmental “Race to the Bottom. Debunking a highly influential regulatory theory.” FEE.org (February 10).
Ives, Eamonn. 2019. “Why Globalisation is Good for the Environment.” CapX (December 1).
– Case Study: Synthetic Dyes, International Trade and the Environment
Morris, Peter J.T. and Anthony S. Travis. 1992. “A History of the International Dyestuff Industry.” American Dyestuff Reporter 81 (11) (November).
Desrochers, Pierre. 2014. “A Colourful History of Progress: The development of synthetic dyes was a mini industrial revolution.” Spiked! (November 18).
– Concluding Thoughts: COVID and the Global Supply Chain
Kotkin, Joel. 2021. “Confronting the Supply Chain Crisis.” Quillette (October 13).
Taylor, Peter Shawn. 2020. “Our Next Pandemic Policy Mistake: Self-Sufficiency in All Things.” C2C (December 23).
SUGGESTED videos
Foundation for Economic Foundation. 2015. “Myth Busting African Poverty” (Magatte Wade).
SUGGESTED READINGS
Global Institutions
-Historical Perspective
Luther, William J. 2014. Review of “The Battle of Bretton Woods: John Maynard Keynes, Harry Dexter White, and the Making of a New World Order (Princeton University Press, 2013)” by Benn Steil, Independent Review 18 (3) (Winter 2014).
-In their own words
What is the WTO?
– WTO. 2011. Making Globalization Socially Sustainable (Brochure) (Note: Full report and other material available here)
What is the IMF?
– IMF 2008. Globalization: A Brief Overview
About us (the World Bank).
– WB. Youthink! Issues – Globalization
–Overview
“Aid” on Wikipedia
-Social, Economic and Policy Background
The New Foreign Aid (Los Angeles Times on the money sent back to home countries by migrant workers.)
–, “Millions of children dying needlessly.” BBC News, June 26, 2003.
–, “Poverty” on the Earth Institute’s Website.
Ammann, Melinda. 2005. “Cry the Beloved Continent – Africans are poor because they’re poorly governed.” Reason, July.
Bhandari, Jayant. 2005. “The Polluting State.” The Mises Institute. July 20.
Borders, Max and H. Sterling Burnett. 2006. “Farm Subsidies: Devastating the World’s Poor and the Environment.” National Center for Policy Analysis, Brief Analysis No. 547, March 24.
Bovard, James. 2005. “Bush’s Foreign-Aid Fraud.” LewRockwell.com, October 25.
Glassman, James K. 2005. “Poor Countries, Tear Down this Wall!” Frontier Center for Public Policy. December 09.
Gwartney, James & Robert Lawson. 2002. “Trade Openness, Sound Policies, & Prosperity.” Fraser Forum, May: 8-9.
Ferguson, Niall. 2007. “The Least Among Us.” The New York Times (July 1st).
Institute of Economic Affairs. 2016. The Economics of International Development. (Summary).
“Innovation, Entrepreneurship and the Global Marketplace.” Alexis de Tocqueville Ceremony, Independent Institute, April 21 2004 (Some famous entrepreneurs’ personal take on globalization).
Kasper, Wolfgang. 2006. “Make Poverty History: Tackle Corruption.” Issue Analysis, Centre for Independent Studies, January 26.
Labs, Eric J. 1997. The Role of Foreign Aid in Development. Congressional Budget Office.
Mbeki, Moeletsi. 2005. “Underdevelopment in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Role of the Private Sector and Political Elites.” Foreign Policy Briefing no. 85, Cato Institute, April 15.
Palda, Filip. 2003. “The High Price of Natural Wealth.” Fraser Forum, January, 30-31.
Parris, Matthew. 2005. “We must all sneer and scoff at the corrupt, cruel jackasses of Africa.” The Sunday Times, July 02.
Williams, Walter. “Self-Inflicted Poverty.” Cato Institute Daily Commentary, July 12, 2004.
Vásquez, Ian. 2005. “Exploiting the Asian Disaster to Increase Foreign Aid.” Cato Institute, January 19.
“Doing Business in 2006: Creating Jobs.” World Bank and International Finance Corporation, 2006.
-Theory and History
Adamson, Michael. 2002. “Social Scientists as Policy Makers.” Review Essay of Charles Kimber Pearce “Rostow, Kennedy, and the Rhetoric of Foreign Aid.” Michigan University Press, 2001. Humane Studies Review 14 (3).
Banerjee, Abhijit Vinayak. 2007. “Inside the Machine – Toward a New Development Economics.” Boston Review, March-April.
Blundell, John et al. 2002. A Tribute to Peter Bauer. London: Institute of Economic Affairs.
Djankov, Simeon, Jose G. Montalvo and Marta Reynal-Querol. “The Curse of Aid.” April 2005.
Haber, Stephen, Douglass C. North, and Barry R. Weingast. 2003. “If Economists Are So Smart, Why Is Africa So Poor?“, Hoover Digest no 4, Fall Issue.
Mary M. Shirley. 2004. “Review of The Institutional Economics of Foreign Aid by Bertin Martens, Uwe Mummert, Peter Murrell, and Paul Seabright, Cambridge University Press, 2002.” The Independent Review 9 (2): 299-302.
Remmer, Karen L. 2004. “Does Foreign Aid Promote the Expansion of Government?” American Journal of Political Science 48(1): 77-92.
Shleifer, Andrei. 2009. “Peter Bauer and the Failure of Foreign Aid.” Cato Journal, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp 379-390.
Vasquez, Ian. 2007. “Peter Bauer: Blazing the Trail of Development.” Econ Journal Watch, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp 197-212.
-Historical Perspective and Recent Developments
Erixon, Fredrik. 2003. “Poverty and Recovery: The History of Aid and Development in East Africa.” Economic Affairs 23 (4): 27-33.
Dichter, Thomas. 2007. “A Second Look at Microfinance: The Sequence of Growth and Credit in Economic History.” Development Briefing Paper no. 1, February 15.
Kling, Arnold. 2006. “The Materialism Fallacy.” TCS Daily – TCS Daily, January 5.
Llosa, Alvaro Vargas. 2005. “Millennium Flop.” The Independent Institute, September 16.
Muzinich, Justin, and Eric Werker. 2008. “A Better Approach To Foreign Aid Private development finance is vital.” Policy Review, June & July.
Webster, Paul. 2006. “It’s The Pneumonia, Stupid.” Toronto Star, February 23.
Perspectives on Foreign Aid
-Supporters
A New Democracy Forum on “Making Aid Work.” Boston Review, July/August 2006.
Chowdhury, Abdur and Paolo Gharona. 2007. “Effective Foreign Aid, Economic Integration and Subsidiarity: Lessons from Europe.” Discussion Paper 2007-2, UNECE.
Special issue on Foreign Aid in the Journal of Development Studies vol. 37, No. 6, August 2001. especially, Hermes, Niels and Robert Lensink. 2001. “Changing the Conditions for Development Aid: A New Paradigm.” Journal of Development Studies 37 (6): 1-16.
Surowiecki, James. 2005. “A Farewell To Alms?” The New Yorker, July 25.
Andrews, Fred. 2013. “A Surprising Case against Foreign Aid (Review of Angus Deaton’s The Great Escape, Princeton University Press, 2013).” The New York Times (October 12).
Bhagwati, Jagdish. 2010. “Review of Dead Aid: Why Aid Is Not Working and How There Is a Better.” Foreigh Affairs (January/February).
-Critics
Bandow, Doug. 1998. “Foreign Aid, Help or Hindrance?” Freedom Daily, February.
Brea, Jennifer. 2007. “Africans to Bono: ‘For God’s sake please stop!‘” The American, July 3.
Coyne, Christopher. 2008. “With Friends Like These, Who Needs Enemies? Aiding the World’s Worst Dictators.” Working Paper, Mercatus Center at George Mason University, September 24.
Dichter, Thomas. Time to Stop Fooling Ourselves about Foreign Aid. A Practitioner’s View. Cato Institute Foreign Policy Briefing No. 86.
O’Grady, Mary Anastasia. 2008. “The Real Key to Development.” The Wall Street Journal, January 15.
Powell, Benjamin and Matt Ryan. “Does Development Aid Lead To Economic Freedom?” Journal of Private Enterprise. Vol. 22. No. 1. Fall 2006.
Sacks, Daniel, and Karol Boudreaux. 2008. “Starving for Change.” Mercatus On Policy, No. 30, November 3.
Shaw, Jane. 2004. “Overlooking the Obvious in Africa.” Econ Journal Watch 1 (1): 1-10.
Stossell, John and Gena Binkley. 2007. “Are Americans Cheap? Or Charitable?” ABC 20/20, August 21.
2006-7 Olive W. Garvey Fellowships Winners on “Is foreign aid the solution to global poverty?”
Theroux, Paul. 2013. “Africa’s Aid Mess.” Barron’s (November 30).
Monson, Christian. 2022. “The Myth That the Marshall Plan Rebuilt Germany’s Economy After WWII.” Fee.org (March 19).
The Easterly-Sachs Debate
–Overview
Bate, Roger. 2006. “Planners vs. Searchers.” TCS Daily – TCS Daily, April 28.
Labohm, Hans. 2006. “‘For God’s Sake, Please Just Stop Aid’.” TCS Daily, March 6.
Schiffrin, Anya. 2009. “Moyo Joins the Frey” (Review of Dambisa Moyo’s Dead Aid). The Whitehead Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations. 10 (1): 167-169.
-Easterly
Burnham, James B. 2007. “The White Man’s Burden: Why the West’s Efforts to Aid the Rest Have Done So Much Ill and So Little Good.” The Independent Review, Volume 11, Number 4, Spring 2007.
Easterly, William. 2008. “Trust the Development Experts – All 7bn of Them.” Financial Times, May 29.
Easterly, William. 2007. “Africa’s Poverty Trap.” The Wall Street Journal, March 23, p. A-11.
Easterly, William. 2006. “The West Can’t Save Africa.” The Washington Post, February 13, p. A-21.
Easterly, William. 2005 “The End Of Poverty: Economic Possibilities for Our Time.” The Washington Post, March 13. (Sachs’ reply to Easterly’s criticism can be found here)
-Sachs
Giles, Chris. 2007. “Lunch with the FT: Jeffrey Sachs.” Financial Times, April 6.
Nolen, Stephanie. 2006. “Millennium Man.” The Globe and Mail, March 11.
Rich, Sam. 2007. “Africa’s Village of Dreams.” The Wilson Quarterly, Spring edition.
Cassidy, John. 2005. “Always with us – Jeffrey Sachs’s plan to eradicate world poverty.” The New Yorker, April 11.
Sachs, Jeffrey. 2009. “Aid Ironies.” The Huffington Post, May 24.
Sachs, Jeffrey. 2006. “Foreign Aid Skeptics Thrive on Pessimism.” Los Angeles Times, May 7
Sachs, Jeffrey. 2006. “Foreign Aid is in Everyone’s Interest.” Christian Science Monitor, May 10.
Wanjala, Bernadette. 2016. “Can the Big Push Approach End Rural Poverty in Africa? Insights from Sauri Millennium Village in Kenya.” PhD Thesis, Tilburg University (See also Clemens, Michael. 2011. “Kenyan Economist Offers First Independent Evaluation of Millennium Villages Project.” Centre for Global Development (November 28).
Roberts, Russ. 2014. Econtalk
“Nina Munk on Poverty, Development, and the Idealist” (January 27)
“Jeffrey Sachs on the Millennium Villages Project” (March 17)
“Postmortem on Sachs Episode” (March 21)
-General
Ben-Ami, Daniel. 2005. “Postponing the ‘End of Poverty’” Spiked, May 6.
Cassidy, John. 2005. “Always with us – Jeffrey Sachs’s plan to eradicate world poverty.” The New Yorker, April 11.
Easterly, William R. 2008. “Why Bill Gates Hates My Book.” The Wall Street Journal, February 7.
Erixon, Fredrik. 2005. “Aid and development: Will it work this time?” International Policy Network, June 10.
Kristoff, Nicholas. 2006. “Aid: Can it Work?” The New York Review of Books 53 (15). (Sachs’ comments; Easterly’s comments.)
Loungani, Prakash. 2006. “Review of William Easterly’s The White Me’s Burden (Penguin Press, 2006).” Cato Journal 26 (2): 382-382.
Martinez, Ibsen. 2007. “Reflections from Latin America – Latin America and the Ideology of Development.” The Library of Economics and Liberty, August 6.
Pardo, Pablo. 2005. “Has Foreign Aid ever Lifted a Country out of Poverty?” El Mundo, May 26.
Parker, Star. 2005. “Philanthropy is the best foreign aid.” Naples Daily News, March 15.
Powell, Benjamin. 2005. “Doubling Aid Will Not Help World’s Poor.” Independent Institute, January 31.
Sen, Amartya. 2006. “the full review”>The Man Without a Plan.” Foreign Affairs, March/April.
Tupy, Marian L. 2005. “Poverty That Defies Aid,” Washington Times, June 19.
Copenhagen Consensus
Strassel, Kimberly A. 2006. “Get Your Priorities Right – A Rationalist Crusader Does the Math on Global Warming.” The Wall Street Journal, July 6.
Website of the Copenhagen Consensus
Wikipedia on the Copenhagen Consensus
Odious Debt Perspective
Several short articles on the “odious debt” perspective can be found here.
Microcredit
Boudreaux, Karol, and Tyler Cowen. 2008. “The Micromagic of Microcredit.” Wilson Quarterly, Winter.
Sautet, Frederic. 2008. “The Micromagic of Microcredit.” The Austrian Economists, February 7.
Surowiecki, James. 2008. “What Microloans Miss.” The New Yorker, March 17.
Tucker, Jeffrey. 2006. “Microcredit or Macrowelfare: The Myth of Grameen.” Mises.org, November 8.
Canada and Foreign Aid
“Foreign Aid” in the Canadian Encyclopedia
What do others think?
– IMF and World Bank
Bovard, James. 2009. “McNamara’s Other Debacle.” LewRockwell.com (July 10).
Bate, Roger and Benjamin Schwab. 2004. “McNamara’s Bank.” TCS Daily (July 29).
Karlin, Mark. 2007. “Naomi Klein: Shocking the World Bank and IMF Crowd with her Analysis of ‘Disaster Capitalism.” BuzzFlash (October 16).
Klein, Naomi. 2007. “The World Bank has the Perfect Standard Bearer.” The Guardian (April 27).
– WTO
Rockwell, Lew. 2004. “Cotton Candy.” Mises Institute Daily Commentary (April 29).
Nader, Ralph and Lori Wallach. “GATT, NAFTA, and the Subversion of the Democratic Process: WTO, The Global Enforcer” (excerpted from the book The Case Against the Global Economy edited by Jerry Mander and Edward Goldsmith, Sierra Club Books, 1997).
Griswold, Dan. 2000. “WTO Critics Trade Away Truth for a Sound Bite.” Cato Institute Commentary (January 2).
Lester, Simon. 2014 “The WTO vs. the TPP.” Cato Institute Commentary (May 2).
Globalization and the Environment
Overview
–. 2004. “Improvement of the World Environment: The Skeptical Environmentalist,” Economic Note, January, Institut Économique Molinari.
Cole, Matthew A., Robert J.R. Elliott, and Liyun Zhang. 2017. “Foreign Direct Investment and the Environment.” Annual Review of Environment and Resources 42, pp. 465-487.
Cherniwchan, Jevan, Brian R. Copeland, M. Scott Taylor. 2017. “Trade and the Environment: New Methods, Measurements, and Results.” Annual Review of Economics 9, pp. 59-85.
Bretschger, Lucas. 2017. “Is the Environment Compatible with Growth? Adopting an Integrated Framework for Sustainability.” Annual Review of Resource Economics 9, pp. 185-207
Chua, Swee. 1999. “Economic Growth, Liberalization, and the Environment: A Review of the Economic Evidence.” Annual Review of Energy and the Environment 24: 391-430.
Copeland, Brian R. and M. Scott Taylor. 2004. “Trade, Growth, and the Environment.” Journal of Economic Literature 42 (1): 7-72.
Driesen, David. 2003. “Markets are Not Magic.” Environmental Forum, November-December: 19-27.
Gardner, B. Delworth. 2004. “Globalization, Free Trade, and Environmental Quality.” in Terry Anderson (ed). You Have to Admit It’s Getting Better: From Economic Prosperity to Environmental Quality. Stanford: Hoover Institution Press.
Goklany, Indur. 2004. “Economic Growth, Technological Change and Human Well-Being.” In Anderson, Terry (ed.) You Have to Admit It’s Getting Better. Hoover Institution Press, p. 53-81.
Gowdy, John M. 1995. “Trade and Environmental Sustainability: An Evolutionary Perspective.” Review of Social Economy 53 (4): 493-510.
Griswold, Daniel T. 2001. Trade, Labor and the Environment. Trade Policy Analysis No. 15, August 2. Center for Trade Policy Analysis, Cato Institute.
Hayward, Steven F. 2005. “The China Syndrome and the Environmental Kuznets Curve.” Environmental Policy Outlook, December 21.
International Institute for Sustainable Development and United Nations Program for the Environment. 2000. Environment and Trade: A Handbook.
Karp, Larry. 2011. “The Environment and Trade.” Annual Review of Resource Economics 3: 397-417.
Nordstrom, Hakan and Scott Vaughn. 1999. “Special Studies 4: Trade and Environment“, World Trade Organisation.
Oxley Alan. 2005. “Blair’s Global Environment Failures: It’s Not Just Climate Change.” TCS Daily, June 22.
Pearce, David, Neil Adger, David Maddison and Dominic Moran. 1995. “Debt and the Environment.” Scientific American 272 (6): 52-56.
Reed, David. 2002. “Poverty and the Environment: Can Sustainable Development Survive Globalization?” Natural Resources Forums 26: 176-184.
Stroup, Richard. 2003. “Economic Freedom and Environmental Quality.” Paper presented at the Conference “Milton and Rose Friedman’s Liberalism at the Turn of the 21st Century.” Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, October 23-24.
Yandle, Bruce. 2004. “Environmental Turning Points, Institutions, and the Race to the Top,” The Independent Review, Fall.
Forests and Wood Products
“Are Forest Making a Comeback?” Resources, Winter 2007, 8-10.
“Forests Cover 30% of the Total Land Area.” FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations).
“Canada’s Wood Product Manufacturing Industry: Industrial Outlook Autumn 2005.” Conference Board of Canada Report. October 2005.
Berg, Peter, and Per-Ove Nordström. 2006. “The China Factor in Fine Paper.” The Mckinsey Quarterly, March.
Carr, David L., Laurel Suter & Alisson Barbieri. 2005. “Population Dynamics and Tropical Deforestation: State of the Debate and Conceptual Challenges.” Population & Environment, Volume 27, Number 1, p. 89-113.
Franklin, Jerry F. & Johnson, K. Norman. “Forests Face New Threat: Global Market Changes.” Issues in Science and Technology, Summer 2004.
Kauppi, Pekka E., Jesse H. Ausubel, Jingyun Fang, Alexander S. Mather, Roger A. Sedjo and Paul E. Waggoner. 2006. “Returning Forests Analyzed with the Forest Identity.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103 (46): 17574-17579.
Mandel-Campbell, Andrea. 2006. “Clear-Cutting The Lumber Business.” Macleans, January 23.
Parviainen, Liisa. 2006. “UH: End of Deforestation in View? Experts Advance New Way to Size Up Global Forest Resources.” University of Helsinki (University Communications), November 14th.
Petersen, Jim. 2005. “Death of a Sawmill: Environmentalists wreck small businesses – and do ecological damage while they’re at it.” The Wall Street Journal, December 29.
Swift, Allan (Canadian Press). 2005. “Major cuts in forest mills in 2005 should help recovery in 2006, say analysts.” AOL.ca Finance, December 27.
Fundamentals
“Is Globalization Causing a ‘Race To The Bottom’ in Environmental Standards?” Assessing Globalization, Part 4. World Bank, 2000.
Bates, Jenny, and Debra S. Knopman. 2000. “Clean Trade.” Progressive Policy Institute (PPI), June 1st.
Yandle, Bruce, Maya Vijayaraghavan, & Madhusudan Bhattarai. “Environmental Kuznets Curves.” 2002. The Environmental Kuznets Curve: A Primer. PERC RS-02.
“An introduction to trade and environment in the WTO.” World Trade Organization.
Case Study: Forest Cover
Ausubel, Jesse H. “On Sparing Farmland and Spreading Forest.” In Clark, T. and R. Staebler, eds., Forestry at the Great Divide: Proceedings of the Society of American Foresters 2001 Convention, Society of American Foresters, Bethesda MD, 2002, pp. 127-138.
Malaria
Substantial pieces
Boualam MA, Pradines B, Drancourt M and R. Barbieri. 2021. “Malaria in Europe: A Historical Perspective.” Frontiers in Medicine 8: 691095. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.691095.
Dyes
On Wikipedia: “Dye,” “Natural Dyes,” “Pigment.”
Pigments: Historical, Chemical, and Artistic Importance of Coloring Agents.
Druding, Susan C. 2002. “Dye History from 2600 BC to the 20th Century.”
nicDhuinnshleibhe, Lady Siobhan. 2000. “A Brief History of Dyestuffs & Dyeing.” Runestone Collegium, 19 February.
The Project Gutenberg eBook, Creative Chemistry, by Edwin E. Slosson (originally published in 1919).
Schwarzc, Joe. 2017. “Carmine Dye and the Cochineal Insect.” McGill Office for Science and Society (February 15).
Travis, Anthony. 2007. “19th C High-Tech.” The Future of Things, November 12.
Travis, Anthony. 2001. “The Color Purplish. Review of Mauve: How One Man Invented a Color that Changed the World.” by Simon Garfield, W.W. Norton, 2000. American Scientist online, July-August 2001.
Fagin, Dan. 2013. “Dye Me a River: How a Revolutionary Textile Coloring Compound Tainted a Waterway. When aniline dye was synthesized from coal tar, few studied what the manufacturing process left behind.” Scientific American (March 22).
Greenfield, Amy Butler. 2017. “The Bug That Had the World Seeing Red. How a Mesoamerican insect created the globe’s most coveted color.” Iris Blog (Getty Museum).
Hicks, Jan. 2017. “William Henry Perkin and the World’s First Synthetic Dye.” Science + Industry Museum.
Science Museum. 2019. “The Colourful Chemistry of Artificial Dyes.”
Scully, Simone. 2021. “The Bug the World Fought Over.” Mental Floss (July 6).
Miller, Greg. 2021. “The alien beauty and creepy fascination of insect art. Through history and across cultures, insects have inspired artists and challenged viewers to shift their perspective.” Knowable Magazine (December 22).
Hagan, Eric and Jennifer Poulin. 2021. “Statistics of the early synthetic dye industry.” Heritage Science 9: article 33.
COVID and the Global Supply Chain
Logistics Insights. 2020. “4 Big Logistics Challenges of COVID-19 – and How to Overcome Them.” (August 18).
IFC. 2020. The Impact of COVID-19 on Logistics. World Bank.
Kamall, Syad. 2020. Freight Expectations. Post-pandemic prospects for global trade. IEA.
Earle, Peter C. 2021. “An Armor Conspired: the Global Shipping Freeze.” American Institute for Economic Research (October 2).
SUGGESTED LINKS
Foreign Aid
The United Nations’ Millenium Project
The Copenhagen Consensus Website and “Global Crises Global Solutions,” a presentation by Bjørn Lomborg, Associate Professor of Statistics, University of Aarhus, and author of The Skeptical Environmentalist.
The Lancet Child Survival Series
Development Research Institute (New York University)
CATDM (Committee for the Abolition of Illegitimate Debt)
Odious Debt
Wikipedia. “Odious Debt”
Investopedia. “Odious Debt”
Kremer, Michael and Seema Jayachandran. 2002. “Odious Debt”. Finance & Development 39 (2)
Howse, Robert. 2007. The Concept of Odious Debt in Public International Law. UNCTAD Discussion Paper No. 185
Nehru, Vikram and Mark Thomas. 2008. The Concept of Odious Debt : Some Considerations. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 4676.
The Sachs-Easterly Debate
The Earth Institute at Columbia University and Jeffrey D. Sachs’ book The End of Poverty. Economic Possibilities For Our Time
Economist William Easterly’s Website
An interview with Bill Easterly, Tavis Smiley Show, April 7, 2006.
Munk, Nina. 2007. “Jeffrey Sachs’s $200 Billion Dream.” Vanity Fair, July.
Easterly, William. 2008. “Easterly on Growth, Poverty, and Aid.” Library of Economics and Liberty, February 11.
Various
“World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2007 – Scaling Innovation in Foreign Aid.” (Google Video)
The Independent Institute on Economic History and International Development
Special issues of the Cato Journal
24 (3), Winter 2004, on “Institutions and Development.”
25 (3), Fall 2005, on “Remembering Peter Bauer.”
The Cato Institute’s Simon Project.
Globalization and the Environment
A special issue of Environment and Development Economics, Volume 5, Issue 4, October 2000 on Trade and the Environment (see especially the Policy Forum section).
A special issue of the electronic journal Contributions to Economic Analysis and Policy (vol. 3, issue 2, 2004) on “The Pollution Haven Hypothesis.”
Environmental Sustainability Index prepared in part by Daniel C. Esty of the Yale Center of Environmental Law and Policy.
The Sierra Club on Trade and the Environment
WHO Health and Environment Linkages Initiative
“Trade and the Environment” on the International Institute for Sustainable Development Website.
Forests and Wood Products
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations’ Forestry Website
NPR: Study: Reforestation Shows Signs of Life, Nov 17 2006 (audio)
The Great Restoration:The Potentials for Forest Protection to 2050
The web page of my JGE 1609 course contains several more references to this topic.